Physcial Map of Africa

Courtesy: Orient Longman

• Food Crops - Root Crops such as Yam, Cassava. Maize is an important cereal.
• Cash Crops - Cocoa, Palm oil, Coconut, Coffee, Cotton, Sisal

• CASSAVA - Important plant of tropical region. The roots of plants are eaten as food.
• CACAO - Grow well in equatorial lowlands. Ghana& Nigeria export it.
• CACAO and KOLA trees provide beverages.
• KOLA - Cola drinks & Chewing gum.
• SISAL -Fiber used for making ropes and sacks. Africa is World's largest producer. TANZANIA - Exporter of Sisal (Poor, sandy soil).
• MEDITERRANEAN region important for olives, apples, peaches and grapes.
• ZANZIBAR AND PEMBA ISLANDS - Biggest producer and exporters of Cloves in the world. Also famous for Coconuts.
• Ostrich in Kalahari Desert (fast running bird)

• CONGO was ruled by Belgium and became independent in 1960.
• ZAIRE RIVER - Drains most of the parts of Dem. Rep. of Congo. Known as Congo in later part. Discharges water into Atlantic Ocean. Carries greatest volume of water among all rivers of Africa. Not used for shipping.
• The Congo basin is saucer shaped depression surrounded by plateaus.
• Congo lies in equatorial region. (High temperature, Heavy rainfall).
• Land is covered by Tropical Rain Forests (evergreen).
• Agriculture and mining are two important Economic activities of people, as it is rich in several natural resources.
• KANANGA - One of the largest producers of Copper and Industrial Diamond in world.
• LIKAZI (Jodotville): Famous for processing Agriculture & Minerals.
• LUBUMBASI (Elizabethville) - Commercial and industrial centre of Democratic Republic of Congo, rich in mineral resources.
• MATADI: Chief Riverine port of Dem. Rep. Of Congo. On river Congo.
• KINSHASA: Largest city. Located on river Zaire.
• KISHANGANI: Important Industrial city of Dem. Rep. Of Congo. On river Congo, near equator.

• Nigeria is world's Largest exporter of Palm Kernels, Palm Oil and Groundnuts. Second largest producer of Cocoa.
• Animal Rearing - Important in Northern grasslands.
• Tiber and Plywood are important exports.
• Country of lowlands and plateau.
• It is one of largest mineral oil producing countries of Africa.
• Plateau of Jos: Located in the North. Many Industrial Centers located over it. Four hydel power stations located here. Here woodlands gradually give place to grasslands.
• Kano/Kaduna : Important Industrial Centers. Located on the plateau of Jos.
• Lagos: Largest city and Industrial Center of Nigeria. Located on Gulf of Guinea. Earlier the capital of Nigeria. New Capital is Abuja.
• Ibadan: Largest city of Nigeria.
• Port Harcourt: Principal Port city and Industrial Center of Nigeria. Located on Gulf of Guinea. On mouth of River Niger.
• Port Harcourt - City in Niger Delta, leading port and major industrial centre.
• Ibadan - City in Nigeria, has airport and railroad link and acts as centre of trade for the farming area.
• NIGER RIVER - Country is named after it. It drains greater part of Nigeria before it falls into GULF OF GUINEA.
• KAINJI Dam on River Niger.
• Rivers of North Eastern part of country flow into Lake Chad. Forming an Inland Drainage System.
• HARMATTAN - Hot and dust-laden winds often blow from the northeast during this season.