• Egypt is a part of Great Sahara Desert. Large part of country is Desert because of scanty rainfall.
• River NILE - Only river of Egypt. Longest River of the world. Source lies in Lake Victoria (located in equatorial region). The Blue Nile and White Nile meet at Khartoum in Sudan. It finally reaches Mediterranean Sea. Nile and Zaire not used for shipping.
• Mineral oil is the most important wealth of Egypt, found in SINAI and along Red Sea.
• AL QANIRA (CAIRO) - Capital City. Largest city of Africa. On river Nile. Famous Pyramids and Sphinx located near it.
• ALEXANDERIA: Chief Sea Port and second largest city of Egypt. On the mouth of river Nile. Important cotton exporting port of Egypt.
• EL-GIZA: Important city of Egypt located on Nile. Famous pyramids and sphinx located here.
• PORT SAID - A port on Mediterranean Sea, at the entrance of Suez Canal in Egypt, important for export trade.
• Cotton is most important cash crop of Egypt. Needs fertile soil, high temp and abundant sunshine. (Rain, fog, dust and pests can damage it).
• Dates are important product grown especially in oasis.
• Suez Canal - In 1869, this canal was cut across Isthmus which separates Africa and Asia. It now links Mediterranean Sea with Red Sea, 173 km long. Ferdinand Lesseps built suez canal.
• KHAMSIN - Hot, dry and sand laden winds blow from south during early summer ie April - May.
• FELLAH - Egyptian Farmer.

MAP OF AFRICA SHOWING MAJOR RIVERS

• The first European settlers in South Africa were the Portuguese and Dutch. The early colonists came to be known as "Afrikaners".
• APARTHEID - Policy of segregation of people on the basis of their race or colour of skin. In 1994 - Non white got voting rights. Dr. Nelson Mandela was first Black President.
• The Drakensberg Mountains in East form the Edge of this plateau.
• The Orange and Vaal rivers flow from Drakensberg mountain westward to Atlantic Ocean.
• The plateau region is covered with grasses. It is called Veld.
• It is the most industrialized country of Africa.
• Mining is the most important activity.
• JOHANNESBURG - Largest city of South Africa. World famous for Gold-Mining.
• Kimber Lay : Center of Diamond Mining in South Africa.
• TSHWANE(earlier name PRETORIA) - Administrative Capital of South Africa.
• CAPE TOWN - Seat of Legislature (legal capital) and Largest Port of South Africa. On Cape of Good Hope.
• BLOEMFONTEIN: Judicial Capital.
• Durban: Important Port of South Africa located on East Coast.
• Port Elizabeth: Important Port of South Africa located in South. On Algoa Bay.
• Maize is most important crop.
• MERINO SHEEP - Famous for fine wool (South Africa).

• SAHARA: A hot tropical desert, Largest in the world, situated in Northern Africa.
• LIBYA: A hot dry desert which huge petroleum deposits, situated in Northern Africa.
• NUBIAN: A hot tropical desert, situated in Sudan along Red Sea.
• ARABIAN: A hot tropical desert with rich petroleum deposits, situated in Egypt. (EASTERN)
• KALAHARI: Lying along the Tropic of Capricorn in S W Africa, inhabited by the 'Bushman.'
• NAMIB: A hot desert in Namibia drained by Cold Benguela current, with diamond deposits.
• SINAI: Desert Peninsula of Egypt, to the east of Suez canal, with rich petroleum deposits.
• KARU: A temperate desert with stepped topography in South Africa.

MAP SHOWING AFRICAN DESERTS